NEW DELHI: When Chirag Paswan campaigns shoulder to shoulder with BJP leaders, Nitish Kumar fine-tunes his alliance messaging, and BJP’s top brass, from Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Union home minister Amit Shah, lead high-pitched rallies, the Congress and its Mahagathbandhan allies still appear tangled in seat-sharing disputes and mixed messaging.
As Bihar heads for assembly polls, the contrast between the Congress’s pre-poll uncertainty and the BJP’s methodical campaign machinery could not be starker. While results will tell whether the BJP’s precision planning converts into votes, its playbook offers the Congress five clear takeaways if it wants to regain relevance in the election battleground.
Ground cadre
The BJP’s biggest strength remains its disciplined network of booth-level workers, nurtured through the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and local shakhas. In the run-up to Bihar elections , both Modi and Shah have frequently interacted with ground volunteers through digital town halls, giving micro-tasks such as voter outreach, welfare-scheme verification, and local mobilisation.
In contrast, Congress cadres continue to complain about a top-heavy command structure and weak communication between state and central units, problems that the party’s own post-poll reviews since 2019 have acknowledged.
As BJP unveiled its full list of 101 candidates, visuals of Congress workers protesting ticket distribution circulated widely last week, highlighting accusations of bias and lack of transparency within its Bihar unit.
To counter BJP’s organisational muscle, Congress must rebuild from the booth up - empower local communicators, reward consistent volunteers, and create digital feedback loops that turn engagement into turnout.
Alliance discipline and timely seat-sharing
In Bihar, the BJP finalised its pre-poll arithmetic well before the nomination window — 101 seats each for BJP and JD(U), 29 for LJP (Ram Vilas), and 6 each for HAM (Secular) and RLM.
By contrast, the Congress-RJD-CPI(ML) bloc remains locked in disagreements, with smaller allies voicing frustration over delay and imbalance. Several alliance partners even fielded overlapping candidates as nominations for Phase 1 closed.
Early seat-sharing sends a message of clarity and control. Congress needs to close deals before deadlines - visible rifts undermine confidence among voters and cadres alike.
Unified leadership and disciplined message
The BJP has turned PM Modi into its central brand, letting state leaders campaign under a unified triad of vikas (development), samman (respect), and suraksha (security). In Bihar, it avoided naming a chief-ministerial face, insulating itself from Nitish Kumar’s anti-incumbency while keeping focus on "Modi ki Guarantee."
The Congress, meanwhile, continues to project fragmented messaging. Its Bihar unit has seen frequent leadership churn, and Rahul Gandhi’s Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra themes have yet to translate into a coherent local pitch.
Elections reward consistency. Congress needs one emotionally resonant storyline, Bihar-specific but tied to national aspirations, that every leader can echo without dilution.
Candidate selection
The BJP’s ticket distribution appears increasingly data-driven: constituency-level surveys, winnability audits, and digital tracking shape final lists. It has also deployed senior organisational leaders from Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand to supervise tough regions.
Congress, by contrast, continues to rely on familiar faces and late entrants. Its own internal reviews (AICC, 2022-23) flagged lack of local credibility as a recurring reason for losses.
Winnability, not hierarchy, must guide choices. Congress may benefit from focussing on candidates with local connect and accountability, not just name recall.
Forward-looking campaigning
Congress’s current campaign focuses heavily on warnings of “vote chori” and allegations of voter-roll manipulation. While such themes energise the base, they rarely appeal to undecided or aspirational voters who prioritise jobs, growth, and education.
The BJP, by contrast, anchors its message in delivery and promises — publicising welfare “guarantees,” housing schemes, and local infrastructure achievements through Modi’s personal brand.
A constructive, Bihar-centric vision, job creation, youth opportunities, and agricultural reform, can help Congress shift from grievance to governance mode.
As election dates near, Congress risks being squeezed between the NDA’s organisational machine and newer regional fronts seeking to tap disillusioned voters. The party’s revival in Bihar will depend on whether it can blend a forward-looking local agenda with disciplined alliance management and credible grassroots presence.
Without that recalibration, it risks remaining a spectator in a contest increasingly defined by clarity of message - something the BJP has mastered ahead of yet another high-stakes Bihar poll.
As Bihar heads for assembly polls, the contrast between the Congress’s pre-poll uncertainty and the BJP’s methodical campaign machinery could not be starker. While results will tell whether the BJP’s precision planning converts into votes, its playbook offers the Congress five clear takeaways if it wants to regain relevance in the election battleground.
Ground cadre
The BJP’s biggest strength remains its disciplined network of booth-level workers, nurtured through the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and local shakhas. In the run-up to Bihar elections , both Modi and Shah have frequently interacted with ground volunteers through digital town halls, giving micro-tasks such as voter outreach, welfare-scheme verification, and local mobilisation.
In contrast, Congress cadres continue to complain about a top-heavy command structure and weak communication between state and central units, problems that the party’s own post-poll reviews since 2019 have acknowledged.
As BJP unveiled its full list of 101 candidates, visuals of Congress workers protesting ticket distribution circulated widely last week, highlighting accusations of bias and lack of transparency within its Bihar unit.
To counter BJP’s organisational muscle, Congress must rebuild from the booth up - empower local communicators, reward consistent volunteers, and create digital feedback loops that turn engagement into turnout.
Alliance discipline and timely seat-sharing
In Bihar, the BJP finalised its pre-poll arithmetic well before the nomination window — 101 seats each for BJP and JD(U), 29 for LJP (Ram Vilas), and 6 each for HAM (Secular) and RLM.
By contrast, the Congress-RJD-CPI(ML) bloc remains locked in disagreements, with smaller allies voicing frustration over delay and imbalance. Several alliance partners even fielded overlapping candidates as nominations for Phase 1 closed.
Early seat-sharing sends a message of clarity and control. Congress needs to close deals before deadlines - visible rifts undermine confidence among voters and cadres alike.
Unified leadership and disciplined message
The BJP has turned PM Modi into its central brand, letting state leaders campaign under a unified triad of vikas (development), samman (respect), and suraksha (security). In Bihar, it avoided naming a chief-ministerial face, insulating itself from Nitish Kumar’s anti-incumbency while keeping focus on "Modi ki Guarantee."
The Congress, meanwhile, continues to project fragmented messaging. Its Bihar unit has seen frequent leadership churn, and Rahul Gandhi’s Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra themes have yet to translate into a coherent local pitch.
Elections reward consistency. Congress needs one emotionally resonant storyline, Bihar-specific but tied to national aspirations, that every leader can echo without dilution.
Candidate selection
The BJP’s ticket distribution appears increasingly data-driven: constituency-level surveys, winnability audits, and digital tracking shape final lists. It has also deployed senior organisational leaders from Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand to supervise tough regions.
Congress, by contrast, continues to rely on familiar faces and late entrants. Its own internal reviews (AICC, 2022-23) flagged lack of local credibility as a recurring reason for losses.
Winnability, not hierarchy, must guide choices. Congress may benefit from focussing on candidates with local connect and accountability, not just name recall.
Forward-looking campaigning
Congress’s current campaign focuses heavily on warnings of “vote chori” and allegations of voter-roll manipulation. While such themes energise the base, they rarely appeal to undecided or aspirational voters who prioritise jobs, growth, and education.
The BJP, by contrast, anchors its message in delivery and promises — publicising welfare “guarantees,” housing schemes, and local infrastructure achievements through Modi’s personal brand.
A constructive, Bihar-centric vision, job creation, youth opportunities, and agricultural reform, can help Congress shift from grievance to governance mode.
As election dates near, Congress risks being squeezed between the NDA’s organisational machine and newer regional fronts seeking to tap disillusioned voters. The party’s revival in Bihar will depend on whether it can blend a forward-looking local agenda with disciplined alliance management and credible grassroots presence.
Without that recalibration, it risks remaining a spectator in a contest increasingly defined by clarity of message - something the BJP has mastered ahead of yet another high-stakes Bihar poll.
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